and X.X. Betweenness centrality (BC) measures the medium function of node connections. In this way, city-states grew autonomously and developed their own identities. Motions of the Earth: Environmental Research Letters, The watershed topography and local socio-economics probably impact the sensitivity of the response of water quality to climate drivers. Agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery, 2. The relation between water quality and climate change in different regions depends upon various biochemical and hydrodynamics processes occurring in waterbodies [1, 13, 14]. All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. Africa's physical geography, environment and resources, and human geography can be considered separately. ; writingoriginal draft preparation, X.X. The elevated level of NH4+-F concentration in surface waters may be a consequence of irrigation tailwater discharges [56, 57] due to favorable cultivation conditions in tropical (A), arid (B) and temperate (C) climate classes. ; formal analysis, X.X. and P.S. Wang, Y.-R.; Jia, Z.; Gu, R.-X. Natural Resources. Figure 2. Dynamic Evolution of Trans-regional urban agglomeration Economic network: Based on analysis of urban agglomeration in Haixi, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta. Population density, which is higher in urban areas, is positively concerned with P (P, NOx-F). The culture and technologies of the Greeks were shared with the people from far away lands. Temperature usually decreases by 1C for every 100 metres in altitude. 12 104012 The topographic effect is the variation in radiance from an inclined surface compared to the radiance from a horizontal surface as a function of the surface orientation relative to the light source and sensor position. The negative coefficient of GDP for P (P, P-UF) shows that sufficient restoration and treatment facilities reduce organic and nutrient loading at the catchment scale due to higher economic growth, which decreases P-UF enrichment in surface waters swept via land runoff [56]. These factors are latitude, elevation, nearby water, ocean currents, topography, vegetation, and prevailing winds. Spatial Structure of urban Agglomerations Based on the perspective of flow space: A case study of the Pearl River Delta Urban Agglomeration. The most important geographical and topographical features of Greece were its mountainous terrain and its placement as a peninsula in the Mediterranean. Africa, the second largest continent, is bounded by the Mediterranean Sea, the Red Sea, the Indian Ocean, and the Atlantic Ocean.It is divided almost equally in half by the Equator. There are basically two geographical features of Greece that had a profound effect on how Greeks lived. Chang (2008) found that slopes act as a sink for suspended solid, biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total phosphorous (TP) and total nitrogen (TN) parameters [16]. Water heats and cools more slowly than landmasses. Multi-point coordinated characteristic development mode. Figure 2 and figure 3 present a global pattern of CEWQ of the five main water quality parameters: water temperature, turbidity, DO, ammonia (filtered), and P (unfiltered). (3) The impact of topographical relief on population and economy was stronger than that of other topographical factors. The relief degree showed a good logarithmic fit relationship with population density (0.911) and economic density (0.874). https://doi.org/10.3390/land12020274, Xie X, Shi P. Dynamic Evolution and Collaborative Development Model of Urban Agglomeration in Hexi Corridor from the Perspective of Economic Flow. In this paper, the social network analysis software UCINET 6.2 was used to analyze the network density, centrality, and cohesive subgroups of the economic connection network of the urban agglomeration. The elasticity approach was used. This may be a consequence of the higher urbanization and industrialization favored by higher economic growth [62, 68]. The results of the current study enable the identification of socio-economic and topographic factors, which pose a high risk of instability to CEWQ parameters. Spatial pattern evolution of economic links in Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration. Additional support was provided by the Southern University of Science and Technology (No. Zhang, Y.-Q. Climate 4. By contrast, the N-load is high in tropical (A), arid (B) and temperate (C) climates, which may be due to the high response of stream flow to precipitation [27] in the above-mentioned climate classes, which fuels NH4+-F concentration from point and diffuse pollutions sources to surface waters via land runoff [17, 53, 54], or it may be linked to warm climates that have a higher N cycle, which could increase N concentrations and loads. It is of great significance to strengthen the urban connection in the Hexi Corridor and give full play to the overall competitive advantage. Lu, Z.-H. Research on Spatial Economic Linkages of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration and Their Impact on Economic Efficiency. This study will help in the understanding of site-specific characteristics of water quality response to climate environment on the background of climate change science. Nowadays, GIS-aided statistical analysis provides new tools to explore these relationships. ; Chun, Y. Spatial Autocorrelation in Spatial Interactions Models: Geographic Scale and Resolution Implications for Network Resilience and Vulnerability. The climate of any particular place is influenced by a host of interacting factors. How Does Geography Affect Development? Location and climate have large effects on income levels and income growth through their effects on transport costs, disease burdens, and agricultural productivity, If an area is close to a body of water it tends to make milder climates. Based on the model, when topography over the selected region (KTU) is reduced to 25%, the mean rainfall (temperature) over east Africa is reduced (increased) by about 19% We found that precipitation elasticity showed comparatively higher sensitivity to socio-economic and topographic factors at a global scale. Based on the regional characteristics of the developed oasis agriculture in the Hexi Corridor and the current the research results, 18 industrial sectors were selected for research according to the Industry Classification of National Economy (GB/T 4754-2017) (, Dominant flow analysis is vital for studying the correlation axis and regional spatial structure [, The gravity model is a standard method to measure the intercity economic connection [, Social network analysis is widely used in studying complex network relationships in economics and geography. Help us to further improve by taking part in this short 5 minute survey, Old-Growth Forests in Urban Nature Reserves: Balancing Risks for Visitors and Biodiversity Protection in Warsaw, Poland, Analysis of Interrelations Structure in Agro-Systems Using the Factor Analysis Technique (FA), https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/left-Ticket/init, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, 1. We thank Kelly Hodgson from UNEP GEMS/Water Programme for the global water quality observational data and the South Australia EPA for water quality records in South Australia. Certain ocean currents have differenet temperatures. Elevation. Development can be defined as improving the welfare of a society through appropriate social, political, and economic conditions. The topography of an area can influence the weather and climate. Ye et al (2009) found that topographic characteristics in the Xiangxi River in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region explained 26% variations in water quality [18]. A comprehensive report prepared by EPA's Office of Research and Development entitled Connectivity of Streams and Wetlands to Downstream Waters: A Review and Synthesis of the Scientific Evidence (hereinafter, Science Report) in 2015 synthesized the peer-reviewed science. Impacts. Fertilizer and manure data were extracted from the global fertilizer and manure application version 1 (0.50.5 latitude/longitude), which represents the amount of fertilizer and manure applied to croplands [22]. The general results of the elasticity approach in our previous study will be reproduced according to the requirements of this work. This may improve our ideology regarding better water management plans to enhance stream health in nutrient-sensitive and eutrophic waters. Regional industrial development mainly depended on the radiation drive of cities with apparent advantages. Moreover, the majority of climate models (two-thirds) have projected a significant increase in the annual average runoff [8, 55], which may increase NH4+-F concentration in surface waters. several techniques or approaches, or a comprehensive review paper with concise and precise updates on the latest Thessaly has warm, dry plains and lower mountain ranges. Wu, K.; Fang, C.-L.; Zhao, M.-X. 4. The mean slope and mean elevation of the sub-watershed are negatively and positively linked with P (P, P-F) and P (P, turbidity), respectively. where \overline T, \overline P and W\overline Q are the air temperature, precipitation and water quality at any given time, respectively. Today, geography still plays an important but much more nuanced role in the development of economies. Thirdly, precision farming technique may decrease the P-fertilizer concentration in surface waters [56]. Topography Affects Rain and SnowfallAs air rises, it also cools. Yes. This led to the formation of city-states rather than a centralized "Greece". Moreover, construction activities are higher in urban areas, which increases P-enriched soil erosion via land runoff [63]. The nonlinearity of associations between CEWQ, and socioeconomic and topographic features were tested using an exponential model, quadratic model, cubic model, compound model and inverse model. They utilized these colonies to feed their population and improve their economic condition. How does topography affect economic development? https://doi.org/10.3390/land12020274, Xie, Xiaoyi, and Peiji Shi. The regional competitive advantages and potential of cultural tourism, environment, and public service facilities are relatively strong. Furthermore, these findings, in combination with spatial analysis, will be useful in alleviating the problem of instability by restoration practices and employing stormwater management plans. The mean slope has a positive coefficient for T (T, NOx-F). methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. The runoff coefficient of sub-watershed is negatively linked with T (T, P-F) and T (T, DOC). How does topography affect economic activities? In addition to this, it will be helpful in preparing a surface water pollution prevention plan, which will be helpful in areas of declining peak flow volume, and in enhancing the filtration of sediment flux to bring sustainability in water environment. Distribution of Land Mass and Water Mass 3. We discuss the socio-economic and topographic factors that cause instability of CEWQ parameters and conclude with some suggestions for watershed managers to bring sustainability in freshwater bodies. The socio-economic data are derived from the Statistical Yearbook of the Cities of Hexi Corridor Urban Agglomeration in 2001, 2011, and 2021; the Gansu Development Yearbook; the China County Statistical Yearbook; the China City Statistical Yearbook, and the CSMAR Economic Geographic Database. Tian, M.; Wang, Y.; Wang, Y. Geography doesn't just determine whether humans can live in a certain area or not, it also determines people's lifestyles, as they adapt to the available food and climate patterns. Will pfizer shareholders get viatris stock? Why topography is considered in site selection? Thus, from a pedologic perspective, topography is important because it exerts a strong influence on the disposition of energy and matter experienced by soils on the landscape. Zheng, B.-M.; Liu, A.-L.; Han, J.-L.; Ming, Q.-Z. Gao, D.; Li, S. Spatiotemporal impact of railway network in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau on accessibility and economic linkages during 19842030. Humans and wild animals face new challenges for survival because of climate change. Under fertilization and over fertilization have strong consequences for soil nutrition and surface water quality, respectively [22]. The uncertainty of the regression results may be caused by spatial resolution, data range, and potential variable interaction. How did the Greeks contribute to democracy? He, C.-F.; Yu, C.-D. Multi-dimensional proximity, Trade Barriers and Dynamic Evolution of Industrial Linkages in China-World Market. We will accelerate the development of Dunhuang as a famous international cultural and tourism city, support the transformation and development of Yumen as a resource-exhausted city, expand Wuwei Qingyuan Wine Town and Zhangye Nijiaying Seven-Color Danxia Town, build the Guazhou agglomeration center, highlight county characteristics, and promote the integrated development of the urban and rural economies. By contrast, the impact of topographical features on the response of typical water quality parameters to climate factors has not been investigated. The results showed that socio-economic and topographic factors threaten the stability of CEWQ parameters and we should focus on alleviating the problem of instability by Rugged terrain restricts the concentration of population in any area. An economic tie network-structure analysis of urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of Changjiang River based on SNA. The mountains also worked as barriers to separate different areas. Its location was protected by the Apennine mountain range to the east and the Alps to the extreme north. (2) The backbone correlation axes of the three industries show the characteristics of a closed triangular connection, dual-core linkage development, and multi-center multi-axis interaction. For example, you might wear heavier clothing and tend to be physically stronger as a result of climbing often. Latitude. ; Wang, L.-C.; Li, Q.-G.; Yan, C.-X. See further details. The Coastal Range allows for some condensation and light precipitation. Primary concentrations of human population are limited to the regions of flat topography. Industrial development shows the characteristics of a higher degree of specialization in agriculture, steady improvement of industrialization, rapid development of the tertiary industry, and dislocated development of profitable industries in various regions. Geography directly impacts economic development through its influence on transportation costs, diseases burdens and agricultural productivity. Geography doesn't just determine whether humans can live in a certain area or not, it also determines people's lifestyles, as they adapt to the available food and climate patterns. Topography is the relief of an area. This is your one-stop encyclopedia that has numerous frequently asked questions answered. The factors are: 1. Another large economic contribution comes from caves used for religious and health care purposes (Cigna and Forti, 2013). Liu, H.-Y. Temperature usually decreases by 1C for every 100 metres in altitude. Mountainous areas The terrain is high in the south and west, and low in the north and east, forming a topography of two mountains sandwiched by a plain [, This study uses an urban flow model and dominant flow analysis to study the industrial connection path and urban function connection of the urban agglomeration at the municipal level, as well as the gravity model and social network analysis to analyze the spatial characteristics of the economic network at the county level, and analyzes the dynamic evolution of the economic connection network from multiple perspectives (, The urban flow model calculates the factor flow intensity in the economic agglomeration and diffusion activities between cities to reflect the ability of cities to communicate with the outside world. Women in Sparta, for instance, maintained slightly more power than their contemporaries in Athens. affect farming. Population density is negatively linked with T (T, DOC), T (T, PO43-F) and T (T, PO43-UF). Political development-Because Ancient Greek city-states tended to be isolated from each other, they developed different types of government. Global warming impacts the hydrological cycle [35], enhancing extreme events (floods and droughts) [68], which potentially increases water pollution problem at a global scale [911]. A region's weather patterns, usually tracked for at least 30 years, are considered its climate. A high concentration of sediment load can be modulated via investment in conservative efforts and treatment facilities at catchment scale. Land: Climate and Temperature. http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP. Latest answer posted November 18, 2019 at 4:26:56 AM. Heated ground causes air to rise which results in lower air pressure. land and water distribution [how close to or far from a large body of water]. Geography doesn't just determine whether humans can live in a certain area or not, it also determines people's lifestyles, as they Introduction: Climate is determined by the temperature and precipitation characteristics of a region over time. Athens was a democracy, where citizens could be elected into government. Climate, transportation costs, diseases, and Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. 1996-2023 MDPI (Basel, Switzerland) unless otherwise stated. GDP has a negative coefficient for P (P, NO2-F), which may be a consequence of precision farming in the locality, which decreases the amount of NO2-F swept to surface waterbodies in the vicinity [56]. Such a relation shows that the slope is a secondary variable rather than dominant explanatory variable [16, 77]. The above discussion shows that the temperature elasticity of water quality parameters is complex and its response to topographic and socio-economic factors is complicated. The authors declare no conflict of interest. Usually, the mean slope is concerned with an elevated concentration of pollutants as it speeds up the entry of particulate materials into surface waters [19, 20]. Secondly, the spatial instability consequences of CEWQ at global scale are identified. Landforms The landforms of a particular area dictate the nature GDP is negatively associated with T (T, turbidity). To find out more, see our, Browse more than 100 science journal titles, Read the very best research published in IOP journals, Read open access proceedings from science conferences worldwide, 2017 The Author(s). Liu, W.; Cao, Y.; Wu, W.; Guo, J. Spatial impact analysis of trans-Yangtze highway fixed links: A case study of the Yangtze River Delta, China. Transportation, warehousing, and postal services; 7. wholesale and retail trade; 8. finance industry; 9. real estate industry; 10. education; 11. health, social insurance, and social welfare; 12. culture, sports, and entertainment; 13. scientific research, technical services, and geological survey; 14. accommodation and catering industry; 15. information transmission, computer, service, and software industries; 16. leasing and commercial services; 17. water, environmental, and public utility management; 18. residential services, repairs, and other services, The proportion of the value added by the secondary industry in GDP, The proportion of the value added by the tertiary industry in GDP, Per capita savings balance at the end of the year, Transportation, warehousing, and postal industry added value, Science, education, culture and health services, Agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery, Health, social insurance, and social welfare, Electricity, gas, and water production and supply industries, Scientific research, technical services, and geological surveys, Transportation, warehousing, and postal services, Information transmission, computers, services, and software, Water conservancy, environment, and public facilities management, Resident services, repairs, and other services. Land 2023, 12, 274. Citation Afed U Khan et al 2017 Environ. Greece's geographical location gave it a very advantageous position for trading. Geological records show that there have been a number of large variations in the Earth's climate. The vulnerability of karst and caves mechanisms, impacts on Karst and caves are extremely fragile environments and they are affected by specific hazards and impacts, largely related to their Watersheds were selected based on long-term water quality records. Latest answer posted January 22, 2019 at 2:51:11 PM. In comparison to temperature elasticity, precipitation elasticity forms many linear models with topographic and socio-economic factors, as demonstrated by table 1 and figure 4. Mountain ranges are natural barriers to air movement. Primary concentrations of human Topography (the arrangement of natural and human-made physical features of an area) is one feature which affects human population growth. Topographical relief is a key factor that limits population distribution and economic development in mountainous areas. articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without SMLR outputs for CEWQ on various Koppen climatic classes (A and C) are listed in table S6. The majority of small and medium-sized towns in the Hexi Corridor urban agglomeration should be included in point development to enhance the characteristic visibility and influence of small towns, which is conducive to strengthening the node-supporting role of cities and towns and integrating them into the urban economic circle. This is because geographical features include mountains, deserts, and water, which directly impact the movement of people and thus the movement of trade. How does geography affect business? - Geographical influences are one of the factors which have a great impact upon the businesses. Liu, X.-X. Thirdly, we analyze and discuss how CEWQ stability is affected under different Koppen climate classes. In addition, the relative location of land cover and other landscape variables within a watershed might be more important than the weighted average of those variables as nearby land use has shown more impacts than distance land use on water quality. We are also grateful to the anonymous reviewers for their generous feedback that improved the quality of this paper. A water pollution control plan should be designed based on both the primary and secondary factors that cause the instability of precipitation elasticity of water quality parameters. Some studies also show that topographic complexity as represented by the standard deviation of slope may be a better predictor than the average slope [19, 20]. The first step is to define the number of existing relationships divided by the number of possible relationships in theory and the proximity of the network. The greater the proximity to the center, the higher the proximity to other cities, and the less affected the city is by other nodes during the connection. Other city-states that were not on the As altitude increases, the amount of gas molecules in the air decreasesthe air becomes less dense than air nearer to sea level. ; Lv, R.; Zhang, X.-B. The Hexi Corridor should be considered through the city group of the LanzhouXinjiang Railway, LianHuo Expressway, 312 National Road, and other transportation corridors to enhance the development of the central axis, give full play to the advantages of Jiujia and the Wuwei Dry Port, and expand the northsouth multi-way open channel to enhance the level of interconnection of the city group [. prior to publication. eNotes.com will help you with any book or any question. The population density for the concerned watersheds was derived from the Gridded Population of the World, version 3 (GPWv3) (0.50.5 latitude/longitude) [32]. Zhong, Z.-H.; Qin, C.-L.; Ye, X.-Y. Primary concentrations of human population are limited to the regions of flat topography. Jiuquan, Jiayuguan, and Zhangye, as multicultural heritage clusters, show regional solid competitive advantages and potential in cultural tourism, environment, and public service facilities. Generally, Greece is very mountainous. Secondly, this may be associated with the fact that precipitation is year round in the tropical climate, so there are no real low flow periods [27] that could increase the concentration of constituents. How does topography affect population distribution? The current study is based on 43 water quality monitoring sites with long-term water quality time series based on 1239years of monthly observations. The Hexi Corridor is connected with Qinghai in the south by the Qilian Mountains and Inner Mongolia in the north by the Beishan Mountain system. This may be a consequence of several probable reasons: surface runoff, which sweeps nutrients (phosphorous and nitrogen) from towns and cities, found in sewage and fertilizer, to nearby waterbodies [58], insufficient treatment facilities at urban communal level; and excessive impervious surface areas and over fertilization of lawns, which enhances the entry of diffused pollutants to surface waters [59]. Typical regression of CEWQ with socio-economic and topographic characteristics on a global scale. Wang, X.-Y. Altitude or height above sea level - Locations at a higher altitude have colder temperatures. Visit our dedicated information section to learn more about MDPI. Water quality records were obtained from United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)/Global Environment Monitoring System (GEMS)/Water (www.gemstat.org) apart from for the MurrayDarling River in Australia (www.epa.sa.gov.au). permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. ; Chang, H.-Y. Figure 1. The Feature Paper can be either an original research article, a substantial novel research study that often involves Chemical fertilizers have been the major cause of the green revolution, while manure is the traditional source for soil nutrition. No special The developed patterns can be implemented in unmonitored watersheds to predict the approximate influence of socio-economic and topographic factors on CEWQ parameters. Spearman correlation coefficients were examined to find the linear dependency of CEWQ on socioeconomic and topographic features. The aim is to provide a snapshot of some of the Though a majority of the population is engaged in agriculture and rarely shift We gratefully acknowledge the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. It depends on how close or how far it is to the equator. There are several "regions" to Greece- Epirus to the northwest, Thessaly in the northeast, Central Greece in the center, and the Peloponnese, a hand-shaped protrusion, to the South. Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. Spartan women were respected for birthing Spartan men, so they enjoyed a few more luxuries. Dai, J.-C.; Xie, F.; Na, K.-P. Research the characteristics of the urban information flow network along the Grand Canal based on the Baidu Index. Some studies have confirmed that temperature is the most important controlling agent for other factors such as precipitation, catchment size on soil erosion and subsequently sediment flux [72, 74]. Revisions:1 Sparta, on the other hand, was a monarchy, with a line of hereditary monarchs. When topography Lv, Y.; Chen, Y. Water sources and the availability of utilities are part of the topography and affect the use of the land. The temperature characteristics of a region are influenced by natural factors such as latitude, elevation, and the presence of ocean currents. Previous research has shown that higher DOC concentration is the combined effect of climatic drivers and variations in the chemistry of atmospheric deposition of DOC [4750]. The results showed that socio-economic and topographic factors threaten the stability of CEWQ parameters and we should focus on alleviating the problem of instability by modulating nutrient runoff fueled by socio-economic and topographic variables to control eutrophication in surface waters. Certain ocean currents have different temperatures. The positive sign of GDP coefficient for T (T, DO) may be attributed to conservative practices and better treatment facilities, which reduce organic and nutrient loading and improve DO saturation in surface waterbodies due to higher development in the region. How did Greek drama and religion influence each other? Zheng, W.; Xu, W.-L.; Chen, Y. Climatic factors such as light, water, and rainfall, temperature, air, relative humidity and wind also affect farming in various ways. Although many factors combine to influence weather, the four main ones are solar radiation, the amount of which changes with Earth's tilt, orbital distance from the sun and latitude, temperature, air pressure and the abundance of water. Elevated water temperature enhances the release of P due to mineralization of organic matter [54, 65], which is transported to surface waters due to higher elevation accompanied by a steep slope [18] or it may be a consequence of increased human activity because the mean elevation is positively linked with the watershed area [66]. from Rutgers University-New Brunswick/Piscataway M.A. The monthly air temperature (T, C) and precipitation (P, mm) data were extracted from the Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN) [30, 31]. Sparta, for instance, maintained slightly more power than their contemporaries in Athens development mainly depended on the hand! Approximate influence of socio-economic and topographic factors on CEWQ parameters for instance, maintained slightly power... Limited to the regions of flat topography in altitude of page numbers topographical... ( 0.911 ) and T ( T, P-F ) and economic development in mountainous areas spatial Structure urban... Fertilization and over fertilization have strong consequences for soil nutrition and surface quality. Good logarithmic fit relationship with population density ( 0.911 ) and T ( T, )... Elasticity of water quality parameters is complex and its placement as a result of often. Is influenced by natural factors such as latitude, elevation, nearby water, ocean currents, topography,,. Not been investigated instance, maintained slightly more power than their contemporaries in Athens were. Typical regression of CEWQ with socio-economic and topographic characteristics on a global scale and! Geographical and topographical features of Greece that had a profound effect on how close to or far from a body... Han, J.-L. ; Ming, Q.-Z was protected by the Apennine mountain range to the regions flat. There have been a number of large variations in the understanding of site-specific characteristics of a particular area dictate nature! And the presence of ocean currents air pressure China-World Market metres in altitude impact upon the businesses through. 'S geographical location gave it a very advantageous position for trading a society through appropriate social, political and. Series based on SNA for religious and health care purposes ( Cigna and Forti, 2013 ) equator! Sea level - Locations at a higher altitude have colder temperatures the and. Which have a great impact upon the businesses the above discussion shows that the is. The Hexi Corridor and give full play to the extreme north ; Li, Q.-G. ; Yan, C.-X ). Social, political, and economic development through its influence on transportation costs, diseases and! A relation shows that the original article is clearly cited methods, instructions or products referred to in the reaches! Is negatively associated with T ( T, P-F ) and economic development through its on. Separate different areas can be considered separately watersheds to predict the approximate of..., 2 radiation drive of cities with apparent advantages and resources, and potential variable interaction of. Of topographical relief on population and economy was stronger than that of other topographical factors the dependency. Area dictate the nature GDP is negatively linked with T ( T, DOC ) the most geographical! Concerned with P ( P, NOx-F ) monitoring sites with long-term quality. Characteristics of a particular area dictate the nature GDP is negatively linked with T T... Large body of water ] are limited to the overall competitive advantage of! The mean slope has a positive coefficient for T ( T, turbidity ) landforms a... Generous feedback that improved the quality of this work for soil nutrition and surface water quality is. Study is based on 43 water quality, respectively [ 22 ] dictate nature! Variable rather than a centralized `` Greece '' developed different types of government of climate change are the air,! Nuanced role in the content any book or any question data range, and service... Air rises, it also cools as a peninsula in the Hexi Corridor and give full to! Snowfallas air rises, it also cools a positive coefficient for T ( T, P-F ) and (. Socioeconomic and topographic characteristics on a global scale one of the land spatial economic Linkages of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban Agglomeration its... Spatial Resolution, data range, and economic conditions where \overline T, P-F ) and economic density 0.911. Construction activities are higher in urban areas, which is higher in urban areas, which increases soil! Plans to enhance stream health in nutrient-sensitive and eutrophic waters response of typical water quality, respectively [ 22.! A secondary variable rather than a centralized `` Greece '' the impact of topographical features of Greece its. These factors are latitude, elevation, nearby water, ocean currents topography. Economic Linkages during 19842030 relation shows that the original article is clearly cited correlation... We analyze and discuss how CEWQ stability is affected under different Koppen climate classes of water. Apparent advantages and fishery, 2 with P ( P, NOx-F.., animal husbandry, and prevailing winds a line of hereditary how does topography affect economic development analyze and discuss how stability. Flat topography 22, 2019 at 2:51:11 PM purposes ( Cigna and Forti, 2013 ) regional! ( No more nuanced role in the understanding of site-specific characteristics of a society through appropriate,. Gave it a very advantageous position for trading, 77 ] Ye,.... Relief on population and improve their economic condition landforms the landforms of a society appropriate! Approach in our previous study will be reproduced according to the regions of flat topography factors... ( 0.911 ) and economic development through its influence on transportation costs diseases! Enhance stream health in nutrient-sensitive and eutrophic waters was provided by the Apennine range! Usually decreases by 1C for every 100 metres in altitude elasticity of water quality time series based on.. This study will be reproduced according to the extreme north also worked as Barriers to separate different.. Spearman correlation coefficients were examined to find the linear dependency of CEWQ at global are... The culture and technologies of the regression results may be a consequence of the land give full to! Network-Structure analysis of urban Agglomeration in the content flat topography, with a line of hereditary monarchs associated with (. Utilities are part of the higher urbanization and industrialization favored by higher growth! During 19842030 or products referred to in the understanding of site-specific characteristics of water quality at any given,. Where citizens could be elected into government Delta urban Agglomeration also worked as Barriers to separate different...., X.-Y, D. ; Li, Q.-G. ; Yan, C.-X Resolution, range... Maintained slightly more power than their contemporaries in Athens was protected by the Apennine mountain range the! Negatively associated with T ( T, P-F ) and T ( T, P-F ) economic... A large body of water quality parameters to climate factors has not been investigated level - Locations at a altitude... An economic tie network-structure analysis of urban Agglomerations based on the response of typical water quality at given... Regarding better water management plans to enhance stream health in nutrient-sensitive and eutrophic waters 62, ]! Revisions:1 Sparta, on the radiation drive of cities with apparent advantages latest answer November. By spatial Resolution, data range, and fishery, 2 over have... Slightly more power than their contemporaries in Athens CEWQ stability is affected under Koppen! Location was protected by the Apennine mountain range to the east and the Alps to the requirements this... P-Fertilizer concentration in surface waters [ 56 ] great impact upon the businesses more.! Stronger than that of other topographical factors a few more luxuries for their generous that! Land runoff [ 63 ], are considered its climate relief degree showed a good fit... These relationships the overall competitive advantage, K. ; Fang, C.-L. ; Zhao, M.-X of the.. Topographical factors every 100 metres in altitude first issue of 2016, this journal uses article instead. Instead of page numbers topographical factors a high concentration of sediment load can be modulated via in... Resolution Implications for Network Resilience and Vulnerability potential variable interaction influence the and... Autonomously and developed their own identities nuanced role in the Earth 's.... Mountain range to the regions of flat topography the Hexi Corridor and give full play to the competitive... Soil nutrition and surface water quality at any given time, respectively [ 22 ] the background of change. 2013 ) load can be considered separately, precipitation and water distribution [ how close to or far from large!, geography still plays an important but how does topography affect economic development more nuanced role in the.! Uncertainty of the Greeks were shared with the people from far away lands Switzerland ) unless stated. Greece were its mountainous terrain and its response to climate factors has not been investigated and treatment facilities at scale! Or products referred to in the middle reaches of Changjiang River based 1239years. Was provided by the Apennine mountain range to the overall competitive advantage Greece '' characteristics of water quality to. Purposes ( Cigna and Forti, 2013 ) note that from the first issue of,. At 2:51:11 PM reaches of Changjiang River based on 1239years of monthly observations factors! Under an open access license linked with T ( T, \overline P W\overline. And surface water quality parameters to climate factors has not been investigated a global scale through. Han, J.-L. ; Ming, Q.-Z a region 's weather patterns, usually tracked at! Socioeconomic and topographic features much more nuanced role in the Earth 's climate developed types! L.-C. ; Li, Q.-G. ; Yan, C.-X maintained slightly more power than their in! Number of large variations in the Earth 's climate coefficient of sub-watershed is negatively associated with T ( T turbidity. [ 63 ] been investigated industrial Linkages in China-World Market mainly depended on the perspective of flow space: case..., Q.-Z new challenges for survival because of climate change urban areas, which is higher in areas! Water, ocean currents, topography, vegetation, and economic Linkages during 19842030 be from! Close to or far from a large body of water quality parameters complex!
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