invalid bytes32 string no null terminator

If you're storing the length of the string too, then I guess you've saved one byte at the cost of whatever the size of your variable is (likely 4 bytes), and gained faster access to the length of said string. rev2023.1.18.43173. Let's explain it sentence by sentence. What does web3 do when you pass in a 33 byte string to a function that accepts a bytes32? The null character does not count as something that is part of the string. I don't want to convert the bytes to a string, rather I just want to represent the whole thing as a string, like "0x05416460deb76d57af601be17e777b93592d8d4d4a4096c57876a91c84f4a712". Or a wrapper function you call everywhere to parse: Hate for you to have to run a slower parser over this--I was kinda of hoping to get more people to use it and then claim I made a dent in global warming :)--but I understand everybody's value judgements are different :). The size of the string may smaller than the array size, but if there are some null . In current version of web3 you should call, Microsoft Azure joins Collectives on Stack Overflow. Why is water leaking from this hole under the sink? So far so good, I can recreate the multihash in my contract. Imagine someone unintentionally passed an address to a field that expects bytes32 (maybe incorrect ordering of params to a function that takes address and bytes32), it might cost them some time debugging where it went wrong. Strings shorter than 32 bytes should just translate to left-justified ascii e.g. to your account. (Basically Dog-people). The null character is metadata. If you call this as createCharacter("my name", 100, 150), in either truffle or remix you get: But if you call it in Truffle as createCharacter("my name is way too long and will be truncated", 100, 150), you get: You can protect against the corruption by putting the bytes32 field at the end, but nothing protects you from the truncation. Oh! Just to be clear, the above web3StringToBytes32 returns a minimum of 32 bytes but it has no maximum so web3StringToBytes32('test1test1test1test1test1test1test1test1test1test1'); for example returns 102 bytes 0x7465737431746573743174657374317465737431746573743174657374317465737431746573743174657374317465737431. They can cause problems. Would Marx consider salary workers to be members of the proleteriat? So I don't think it is a bug in simdjson. I will give it a try. Sign up for a free GitHub account to open an issue and contact its maintainers and the community. Why are there two different pronunciations for the word Tee? For Remix, the answer is (1) - it truncates. How to save a selection of features, temporary in QGIS? There is no issue with web3 1.0.0-beta.37, it happens with beta.41, The deploy fails with Error: invalid bytes32 value (arg="candidateName", coderType="bytes32", value="0x52616d61", version=4.0.23), (node:46067) UnhandledPromiseRejectionWarning: Error: invalid bytes32 value (arg="candidateNames", coderType="bytes32", value="0x52616d61", version=4.0.23) EDIT: I am interested in character arrays only and not in STL string. An adverb which means "doing without understanding", Attaching Ethernet interface to an SoC which has no embedded Ethernet circuit. Parallel computing doesn't use my own settings. Invalid Op Code - passing bytes32 array to a contract method called from another method of another contract, Error in example source code in Solidity docs, Invalid EVM version requested & Error: Truffle is currently using solc 0.5.0, Error on Remix: creation of Ballot errored: Error encoding arguments: Error: expected array value. The text was updated successfully, but these errors were encountered: The entire buffer isn't being parsed - this is an error, and is an invalid document. Will all turbine blades stop moving in the event of a emergency shutdown. Standard (18.1). If you put it back to point at the beta version, you will pick up an older version of ethers.js before the ABI coder enforces bytesXX lengths. One typical exemple: you want to put something at the end of a 0 terminated string. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. Keep in mind that this type of contract will be subject to front-running, unless you are also hashing the address into the input you are putting in the mapping. It's just difficult that the spec says nothing concrete about null terminated documents. Didn't do ethers.utils.concat([bytes, Zeros]).slice(0, 32). Image Processing: Algorithm Improvement for 'Coca-Cola Can' Recognition, Replacing a 32-bit loop counter with 64-bit introduces crazy performance deviations with _mm_popcnt_u64 on Intel CPUs, How to pass duration to lilypond function. or if your current C charset is ASCII, which is usually true (not much EBCDIC around today), There is also a largely ignored way that works only in C (not C++). I opened another issue on this under #66 (comment). Is it realistic for an actor to act in four movies in six months? When calling a public contract function which accepts a bytes32 parameter e.g. If you don't use a NULL termination, you need to pass the strings length, either through a separate parameter/variable, or as part of the string. By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. Now, result is different with actual accounts. The web3StringToBytes32 is more a string-to-hex than bytes32 conversion as it returns an arbitrary length hex string. You could possibly do what pascal did and put the length of the string in the first character, but this is a bit of a pain and will limit your string length to the size of the integer that can fit in the space of the first char. If for some reason you absolutely do not want a null character at the end of your string in memory, you'd have to manually create a block of characters, and fill it out yourself. This file contains bidirectional Unicode text that may be interpreted or compiled differently than what appears below. Browse other questions tagged, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site, Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, invalid bytes32 value - Maker Contract Call, Microsoft Azure joins Collectives on Stack Overflow. Amazing Job at explaining that. Just for the sake of completeness and nail this down completely. In the Java programming language, unlike C, an array of char is not a String, and neither a String nor an array of char is terminated by '\u0000' (the NUL character). NULL and NUL are both just a fancy way of saying 0. Thanks for contributing an answer to Stack Overflow! Could you observe air-drag on an ISS spacewalk? Well occasionally send you account related emails. Learn more about bidirectional Unicode characters. A bytes32 hex string should have 2+64=66 char length. privacy statement. Here we shift the last 64 bits of the input to the right by 64 bits, basically doing: Here we shift the last 32 bits of both 64-bit chunks to the right by 32 bits: The final sentence in this series is a bit different: It shifts odd nibbles to the right by 4 bits, and even nibbles by 8 bits: So all the nibbles of the initial data are distributed one per byte. But that behaviour is clearly outside of the specification. which the legacy services send \0 over the network. Feel free to close that one. It will only be available in the 4.x versions and able though. Not the answer you're looking for? One other note to keep in mind when using bytes32 as a string, foobar and foobar\0 are the same padded. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. If you already have the length and there's a single optional \0 at the very end, a simple parser.parse(buf, buf[len] ? Can someone please help? Given these things, I am wondering what makes you say that including one - or more - null terminators makes it an invalid document? If some code considers that the string content is "12345\0", then this code is buggy. From my part we can close this as I've gone up to v1 of web3.utils which has a utf8ToHex, asciiToHex and a handful of other useful conversion functions http://web3js.readthedocs.io/en/1.0/web3-utils.html?highlight=toUTF#utf8tohex, Also, the auto conversion between strings (used as keys) and their encoded bytes32 hex equivalent has been discussed here well before the v1 release above web3/web3.js#271 including comments from "the author of Solidity" :). An adverb which means "doing without understanding", Indefinite article before noun starting with "the". Thanks for contributing an answer to Ethereum Stack Exchange! I updated my question to include why I have to do this. I tried to use ethers.utils.toUtf8Bytes also, but couldn't get that to work. Find centralized, trusted content and collaborate around the technologies you use most. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. If I really will write my own abi coder then I will definitely use your test cases! I could introduce if statements or strlen() but that's still more effort than using RapidJSON. Hello\0. world\0. In the Pern series, what are the "zebeedees"? An ASCII string is an arbitrary length data type of at least 32 bytes (length followed by packed data) which contains UTF-8. // pads 00s from left until the hex string is bytes32 const padded = ethers.utils.hexZeroPad (shortHexString, 32) How do I replace all occurrences of a string in JavaScript? To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. It seems that this issue doesn't arise when using ethers.js though so I've gone ahead and updated my smart contract to use strings! Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. So it makes sense to enforce. To review, open the file in an editor that reveals hidden Unicode characters. Yes, the equivalent functions in ethers are ethers.utils.toUtf8String and ethers.utils.toUtf8Bytes. The ethers.js coder was used because it is robust and well tested and was the only implementation of ABIv2. Why is reading lines from stdin much slower in C++ than Python? Depending on the number of strings stored, this can be high overhead. You application will need to understand how to deal with longer strings (keep in mind there are potentially differences in the length of the string and the length of the string in bytes; you may be opening your application to certain types of security vulnerabilities by using a bytes32 instead of a string) and how to parse them, but you can use a function similar to: I know a lot of people come from Web3 expecting this to "just work", but it enables dapp developers to do very unsafe operations without realizing it. @Oipo The following should work just fine, as remarked by @TkTech . And a comment: If you're putting this in a program intended to run on an actual computer, you might consider typedef-ing your own "string". Will fix it asap. Is it realistic for an actor to act in four movies in six months? privacy statement. This was ultimately the solution that worked. :). It is the only way I know of that it differs from the standard. single bytes32). I don't exactly know how/why ethers.js is being used but may be this will give some clues? truncation (this would be terrible and frightening), completely corrupt the encoded data (also, terrifying :)). The Zone of Truth spell and a politics-and-deception-heavy campaign, how could they co-exist? Already on GitHub? rev2023.1.18.43173. Often it doesnt matter, but just something to keep in mind, because it could. I'll advise the company I work for to use RapidJSON instead. (since you're not interested in std::string). Let us see what happens if you load a document with a final nul in JavaScript: So if you pad the end of your JSON strings with nulls, they won't parse in JavaScript and Python. Why does removing 'const' on line 12 of this program stop the class from being instantiated? Even the string class will store it with a null. I need a 'standard array' for a D&D-like homebrew game, but anydice chokes - how to proceed? The most sophisticated part is how the toHex16 function works. MOLPRO: is there an analogue of the Gaussian FCHK file? @ricmoo I couldn't find any docs on this, and ran into what looked like this problem, so I tested web3 with longer strings being passed to bytes32, using both Remix, and the latest Truffle version. Is there any reason the asciiToHex couldnt pad to 32 bytes? Check if a variable is a string in JavaScript, How to make chocolate safe for Keidran? How to see the number of layers currently selected in QGIS. Trying to match up a new seat for my bicycle and having difficulty finding one that will work. How could magic slowly be destroying the world? It seems to me that the conclusion is clear. It is not "12345\0". Passing in the wrong length is actually ambiguous. They have a python implementation that passes a value to this mapping from a function that looks like this. Well occasionally send you account related emails. Other contract function return correctly in this instance, implying wiring of the contract is correct. My test.js code: I've checked it and decided to write an ABICoder on my own because I would have to change anyways a lot of things. The maximum length for a string should also be 31 bytes, to ensure there is a null-termination. In C++ I'd definitely use the std::string class that can be accessed by. How to reverse the digits of a uint in solidity? Have a question about this project? I guess there just is a mismatch in my use-case and what simdjson provides, I'll advise the company I work for to use RapidJSON instead. Ethers.js seems to have sorted it out for me though so cheers! NUL is \0. Kyber and Dilithium explained to primary school students? By clicking Sign up for GitHub, you agree to our terms of service and It also tolerates some level of garbage at the end of the input. This alternate way of writing the double-null-terminated string is the secret. Are the models of infinitesimal analysis (philosophically) circular? By clicking Sign up for GitHub, you agree to our terms of service and The null character is metadata. I'm curious, what are you sending as the length to simdjson? Try using Message.trim () to trim off white spaces. The null character does not count as something that is part of the string. There are places such as micro-controllers which have limited memory storage resources. What I mean is (for example) that you don't have to do. A cursory check seems to indicate that the following libraries do support null-terminated json documents explicitly: nlohmann/json, jsoncpp Why is sending so few tanks to Ukraine considered significant? When might you release that? I can't personally think of any realistic scenario for why you'd want to do this, since the null character is what signals the end of the string. Not the answer you're looking for? Does that make sense? For Truffle, the answer is (2) - it does not truncate, but instead corrupts the data by appending the whole string as a series of bytes32, pushing the extra calldata out. (If It Is At All Possible). I was actually using bytes over strings as a very temporary workaround for a pesky problem with web3.js. The reason for the NULL termination is so that the handler of the string can determine it's length. Other kind of problems occur when dealing with encoded unicode or such. One other note to keep in mind when using bytes32 as a string, "foobar" and "foobar\0" are the same padded. If the '\0' is at the end of the strings, why don't you trim it off before sending the content to the parser? Ethereum Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for users of Ethereum, the decentralized application platform and smart contract enabled blockchain. How Intuit improves security, latency, and development velocity with a Site Maintenance - Friday, January 20, 2023 02:00 - 05:00 UTC (Thursday, Jan How can I split a 56 character input and store them in two Bytes32? If you write your own, please feel free to use the test cases in ethers.js; I think there are about 13,000 of them, half for ABIv1 and half for ABIv2, ish. I regret using the const char* as an example, as it detracted from my original point. Where bytes32 should be a bytes representation of the CDPId. subconscious masking autism. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. What does "you better" mean in this context of conversation? How could one outsmart a tracking implant? To mimic the web3 coercion of short string into bytes32 you can use the following; but please be aware you are relying on incorrect behaviour, so terrible things will happen, if for example the string is over 32 bytes (not necessarily characters) long: To give a quick example of how the web3 behaviour can cause your entire application to behave in wildly unpredictable ways (possibly exposing it to attacks); imagine if you accept user input from a web form which is a string: @ricmoo thanks! It wouldn't change at all the underlying memory layout but avoid some potential confusion. I will add safe versions of formatBytes32String and parseBytes32String to the utils, since parse is actually quite complicated. Can I change which outlet on a circuit has the GFCI reset switch? Found a simpler an faster solution than writing of my own abi coder. By clicking Sign up for GitHub, you agree to our terms of service and By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. This is why the ethers.utils.stringToBytes32 and ethers.utils.bytes32ToString deal with all the padding for you, as well as check bounds. function execute(bytes32 txHash,uint8[] memory sigV, bytes32[] memory sigR, bytes32[] memory sigS)returns(address[] memory){ address[] public recoveredAddr; for(uint i=0; i

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