medici family descendants

Known for writing cheques to Michelangelo, the Medici have of late been airing some dirty laundry as a handful of their descendants fall into a spat. . The Descendants of Cosimo de' Medici Lorenzo was a poet himself, and supported the work of such Renaissance masters as Botticelli, Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo (whom the Medicis commissioned to complete their family tombs in Florence). He commanded the draining of the Tuscan marshlands, built a road network in southern Tuscany and cultivated trade in Livorno. The barbarous, unenlightened Middle Ages were over, they said; the new age would be a rinascit (rebirth) of learning and literature, art and culture. Perhaps God wills that this war, which began in the blood of my brother and of myself, should be ended by any means. Tony Soprano and Shakespeares Macbeth may be well-known Machiavellian characters, but the man whose name inspired the term, Niccolo Machiavelli, didnt read more, 1. Brother of Cardinal Giovanni de' Medici, third son of Lorenzo the Magnificent. In 1378, Salvestro de' Medici proposed a reform widening the suffrage within the Republic, attracting the sympathy of the population for his family. Part 1 covers the Medici family from almost the earliest (relatively) well-documented generation to Salvestro, who established a brief populist dictatorship as I discuss here, and Vieri, who would take in his impoverished cousin Giovanni di Bicci and put him on the path to becoming a wealthy banker. Due to his illness, he mostly stayed at home bedridden, and therefore did little to further the Medici control of Florence while in power. He also was the leader of the Florence merchants. The Medici controlled the Medici Bankthen Europe's largest bankand an array of other enterprises in Florence and elsewhere. In 1536, Alessandro de' Medici married Charles V's daughter, Margaret of Austria; however, the following year he was assassinated by a resentful cousin, Lorenzino de' Medici. Henry and Catherine became the ancestors of monarchs of several countries. Gian Gastone died on 9 July 1737, surrounded by prelates and his sister. [47] On 25 October 1731, a Spanish detachment occupied Florence on behalf of Don Carlos, who disembarked in Tuscany in December of the same year. Eldest son of Ferdinando II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany. The Medici family . Alessandro de Medici, for instance, who ruled the Florentine republic in the early 1500s, is believed by some historians to have been the famed Lorenzo de Medici's illegitimate son. Cosimo de Medici, the older brother, established the familys political base. Giovanni . [35], Grand Duke Ferdinado was obsessed with new technology, and had a variety of hygrometers, barometers, thermometers, and telescopes installed in the Palazzo Pitti. Descendants of members of the silk guild and descendants of attorneys both at the 93rd percentile in 1427 are among the wealthiest families today. ADVERTISEMENT By the early 1520s, few descendants of Cosimo the Elder remained. In general, the later Medici line renounced the older generations republican sympathies and established more authoritarian rule, a change that produced stability in Florence and Tuscany, but led to the regions decline as a cultural hub. The descendants of Cosimo I ruled into the 18th century in relative stability. Europe largely ignored Cosimo's plan. [77] In addition, the notion of Etruscan votive sculpture would have chimed with the participation of the Medici in the religious custom of offering up votive statues, a practice that recalled the ancient Etruscan convention of donating sculptures in the hope of, or gratitude for, divine favour. [79], Old coat of arms of the Medici used by Giovanni di Bicci and Cosimo the Elder, The intermediate coat of arms of the Medici, Or, six balls in orle gules, The "augmented coat of arms of the Medici, Or, five balls in orle gules, in chief a larger one of the arms of France (viz. Giovanni, second son of Lorenzo the Magnificent, became Pope Leo X. He married Maria Maddalena of Austria, with whom he had his eight children, including Margherita de' Medici, Ferdinando II de' Medici, and an Anna de' Medici. He bought what became the Palazzo Medici . For the pharmaceutical company, see, Minerva, Mercury and Pluto pay homage to the Electress Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici, The Medieval World Europe 11001350 by Friedrich Heer, 1998 Germany. [23], The Medici additionally benefited from the discovery of vast deposits of alum in Tolfa in 1461. Please join us. [26] To augment the Tuscan silk industry, he oversaw the planting of mulberry trees along the major roads (silk worms feed on mulberry leaves). Descendants Cosimo I, Grand Duke of Tuscany Maria (1540-1557) Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (1541-1587) married Johanna of Austria. By the 1520s, few descendants of Cosimo the Elder remained. Gian Gastone, who came to power in 1723 and led a life of debauchery, died without any heirs. The Medici Bank, from when it was created in 1397 to its fall in 1494, was one of the most prosperous and respected institutions in Europe, and the Medici family was considered the wealthiest in Europe for a time. Just supporting arts and culture can attract trade and commerce, tourism and . In 1293, the Ordinances of Justice were enacted; effectively, they became the constitution of the Republic of Florence throughout the Italian Renaissance. The few years of this period are often considered to be the apogee of the Medici age. In commemoration of the deaths of Giuliano and Lorenzo, the two who had died relatively young, the family commissioned Michelangelo to complete the famous Medici Tombs in Florence. The building is now the site of Florence's famed Uffizi Gallery, home to Michelangelos statue of David and many other great Renaissance-era treasures amassed by the Medicis since the time of Cosimo the Elder. Ancestors. [13] The city's numerous luxurious palazzi were becoming surrounded by townhouses built by the prospering merchant class.[14]. The couple first lived in Palazzo Bardi before Cosimo, being ambitious, decided to have a mansion of his own. Ferdinando's marriage to Vittoria della Rovere produced two children: Cosimo III de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, and Francesco Maria de' Medici, Duke of Rovere and Montefeltro. [50] Upon her brother's death, she received all the House of Medici's allodial possessions. After 1340 an economic depression throughout Europe forced these more powerful houses into bankruptcy. More famous descendants of the Medici family would include the royal family of Britain. Cousin of Cardinal Giulio de' Medici, illegitimate son of Giuliano de' Medici, Duke of Nemours. He was called "Piero the Gouty" because of the gout that pained his foot and led to his death. Leo X's fun-loving pontificate bankrupted Vatican coffers and accrued massive debts. Pius II granted the Medici family a monopoly on the mining there, making them the primary producers of alum in Europe.[24]. Subscribe for fascinating stories connecting the past to the present. How did Medici family end? "They were bankers," says Bartlett. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. [59] Eleanor of Toledo, a princess of Spain and wife of Cosimo I the Great, purchased the Pitti Palace from Buonaccorso Pitti in 1550. The Medici briefly became leaders of Christendom through their two famous 16th century popes, Leo X and Clement VII. She lived the rest of her life deprived of any political influence. . This century-long rule was interrupted only on two occasions (between 14941512 and 15271530), when anti-Medici factions took control of Florence. [74], As an Italian vocabulary word, "medici" means "medical doctors" and identifications with the family members as physicians may be found among their names as early as the eleventh century. [39] At that time, the economy was so decrepit that barter trade became prevalent in rural market places. Born 13 April 1519 - Florence, Toscana, Italy. Main article: House of Medici Contents 1Root Medici Tree 2Medici family tree (Grand Dukes of Tuscany) 3Structure of the family tree lines 4The descendants line 4.1Origins 4.2Branch of Salvestro di Averardo 4.3Branch of Cafaggiolo 4.4Branch of Popolano (Trebbio)/Grand Ducal Branch 5Cornerstone figures of the line of succession 6Places 7See also [1], Coat of Arms of the Grand-Duke of Tuscany, Coat of Arms of Catherine of Medici, as Queen of France, Coat of Arms of Maria of Medici, as Queen of France, Coat of Arms of the Grand-Duchy of Tuscany, Italian banking family and political dynasty, "Medicis" redirects here. The House of Medici (English: /mdti/ MED-i-chee,[4] Italian:[mditi]) was an Italian banking family and political dynasty that first began to gather prominence under Cosimo de' Medici, in the Republic of Florence during the first half of the 15th century. They were generous patrons of the arts who commissioned masterpieces such as Raphael's Transfiguration and Michelangelo's The Last Judgment; however, their reigns coincided with troubles for the Vatican, including Martin Luther's Protestant Reformation and the infamous sack of Rome in 1527. That November, the ship landed on the shores of Cape Cod, in present-day Massachusetts. Catherine de Medici. When the last Medici grand duke, Gian Gastone, died without a male heir in 1737, the family dynasty died with him. The origins. Although knowledge of vitamins did not exist at the time, the benefit of oranges for certain diseases was recognized and their association with recommendations by medical doctors suggests to Dr. Ruggiero that this likely is the imagery intended in the coats of arms for the Medici family. He died in 1574, succeeded by his eldest surviving son Francesco, whose death without male heirs led to the succession of his younger brother, Ferdinando, in 1587. Upon Vittoria's death in 1694, her allodial possessions, the Duchies of Rovere and Montefeltro, passed to her younger son. There, by the following century, the Medici were counted among the wealthy notables, although in the second rank, after leading families of the city. By agreement of the European powers (Austria, France, England and the Netherlands), control over Tuscany passed to Francis of Lorraine, whose marriage to Hapsburg heiress (and mother of Marie Antoinette) Maria Theresa of Austria would begin the long European reign of the Hapsburg-Lorraine family. . Eldest son of Cosimo II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany. Catherine's father, Lorenzo II de' Medici, was made Duke of Urbino by his uncle Pope Leo X, and the title reverted to Francesco Maria I della Rovere after Lorenzo's death. In reward, Charlemagne is said to have rewarded Averardo with the shield mauled by the giant, with the dents in the shape of balls, and the giant's lands in Mugello. In the 16th century a third line renounced republican notions and imposed its tyranny, and its members made themselves a dynasty of grand dukes of Tuscany. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Medici-family, Art Encyclopedia - The Medici Family, Florence, Medici Family - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Medici family - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), 63 Questions from Britannicas Most Popular Visual Arts Quizzes. Notes: Direct descendants of the listed European Royalty - are also either direct descendants or distant cousins of the relevant listed Notable and Famous Descendants. Elected to the Papacy, becoming Pope Leo X. That shield was red strewn with Byzantine coins (bezants). [32] Cosimo died of consumption (tuberculosis) in 1621. [35] Harold Acton, an Anglo-Italian historian, ascribed the decline of Tuscany to the Turtici regency. Known to history as Cosimo the Elder, he lived a spartan life but was a devoted patron of the humanities, supporting artists such as Lorenzo Ghiberti, Filippo Brunelleschi, Donatello and Fra Angelico. The next few years marked the high point of Medici influence in Europe, as Leo X followed in his fathers humanistic footsteps and devoted himself to artistic patronage. Contents 1 Background, pedigree and family ties 1.1 Henry II of France 1.2 Catherine de' Medici 2 Children 3 Descendants of Elizabeth of Valois Answer (1 of 3): The authentic Medici bloodline is long dead: they went extinct in the 1700s, the last man being Giangastone de Medici. Henry explicitly stated that he would defend Tuscany from Spanish aggression, but later reneged, after which Ferdinando was forced to marry his heir, Cosimo, to Maria Maddalena of Austria to assuage Spain (where Maria Maddalena's sister Margaret was the incumbent Queen consort). After securing Alessandro de' Medici's dukedom, Pope Clement VII married off his first cousin, twice removed, Catherine de' Medici, to the son of Emperor Charles V's arch-enemy, King Francis I of Francethe future King Henry II. Her name was the Contessina de' Bardi. Cosimo the Elder's notable artistic associates were Donatello and Fra Angelico. A tradition dating back to the sixteenth century suggests that Alessandro de' Medici, an illegitimate child of the Florentine banking family who in 1532 became duke of Florence, was the son of an Afro-European woman. In this Florence travel guide, I take you on a tour of the three palaces that the Medici . Legend says the dynasty descended from a giant-slaying knight. Giovanni, at that time a cardinal, used his influence with Pope Julius II to bring the family back to positions of power. Following her father's assassination, she was reared at the court of Cosimo I de' Medici and married advantageously twice. Overthrown when. For example: Direct descendants of early Carolingian Kings of Italy - are also either direct descendants or distant cousins of Cosimo I de' Medici, Duke of Florence & Grand . He also founded the Villa Medici at Rome and brought many priceless works of art to Florence. [60] Marie de' Medici, widow of Henry IV of France and mother of Louis XIII, is the subject of a commissioned cycle of paintings known as the Marie de' Medici cycle, painted for the Luxembourg Palace by court painter Peter Paul Rubens in 162223. View Site Catherine d'Medici - King's College Catherine de' Medici was born to the Medici family of Florence in 1519. Print Family Tree. Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici, the first patron of the arts in the family, aided Masaccio and commissioned Filippo Brunelleschi for the reconstruction of the Basilica of San Lorenzo, Florence in 1419. [49] In January 1737, the Spanish troops withdrew from Tuscany, and were replaced by Austrians. The Habsburgs were deposed in favor of the House of Bourbon-Parma in 1801 (themselves deposed in 1807), but were later restored at the Congress of Vienna. They were and still are a pretty big name, is what we're saying. The Medici family had up to ten bank branches: in Avignon, Venice, Rome, Naples, Milan, Pisa, Geneva, Lyon, Bruges, and London. Cosimo (Cosimo I) "Granduca di Toscana, Duca di Firenze" de' Medici formerly Medici. Cosimo the Elder and his father started the Medici foundations in banking and manufacturingincluding a form of franchises. This MEDICI index was pre-built so it loads quickly. [46] On 25 October 1723, six days before his death, Grand Duke Cosimo disseminated a final proclamation commanding that Tuscany stay independent: Anna Maria Luisa would succeed uninhibited to Tuscany after Gian Gastone, and the grand duke reserved the right to choose his successor. I go full of hope, praying to God to give me grace to perform what every citizen should at all times be ready to perform for his country. It has also been argued that these coins referenced the three coins or golden balls associated with St. Nicholas, particularly as the saint was invoked by Italian bankers as they took oaths. He initiated the Medici's rise to power. Beginning in 1434 with the rise to power of Cosimo de Medici (or Cosimo the Elder), the familys patronage of the arts and humanities made Florence into the cradle of the Renaissance, Europes scientific, artistic and cultural rebirth. Ferdinando eagerly assumed the government of Tuscany. From the time of Clement's election as pope in 1523 until the sack of Rome, Florence was governed by the young Ippolito de' Medici (future cardinal and vice-chancellor of the Holy Roman Church), Alessandro de' Medici (future duke of Florence), and their guardians. From Leo's election as pope in 1513 to his death in 1521, Florence was overseen, in turn, by Giuliano de' Medici, Duke of Nemours, Lorenzo de' Medici, Duke of Urbino, and Giulio de' Medici, the latter of whom became Pope Clement VII. It would also have reflected the family's interest in Etruscan art and culture. The line of Chiarissimo II failed to gain power in Florence in the 14th century. He is most remembered as the patron of astronomer Galileo Galilei, whose 1610 treatise, Sidereus Nuncius, was dedicated to him. Medici women included Catherine (1519-1589) who married Henry II, King of France and ruled the coutry after her husband's death; Maria (1573-1642) married Henry IV, King of France. As the story goes, Averardo was riding through an area north of Florence known the Mugello when he read more, Some 100 people, many of them seeking religious freedom in the New World, set sail from England on the Mayflower in September 1620. Instead, the branch of the family descending from Giovanni di Bicci de'Medici's other son, Lorenzo the Elder, continued the dynasty. which his descendants held until 1737. Princes William and Charles and Queen Elizabeth can trace their lineage to Cosimo de' Medici's (played by Richard Madden in Season 1 of 'Medici') younger brother, Lorenzo the Elder. The background shows the family's influence in the region. His work demonstrated a blend of psychological insight, physical realism and intensity never before seen. His natural genius crossed so many disciplines that he epitomized the term Renaissance man. Today he remains best known for two of his paintings, "Mona Lisa" and "The Last read more, Michelangelo was a sculptor, painter and architect widely considered to be one of the greatest artists of theRenaissanceand arguably of all time. And at the heart of Florence sat the Medici - perhaps the ugliest family in all of Italian history. In this article we will talk about the Medici, one of the largest, most powerful and richest Italian families ever, who remained in power for about 300 years.They have been popes, sovereigns and patrons, they have promoted art and culture and they have given to their territory such glory and prestige that they can never be replicated again! At least half, probably more, of Florence's people were employed by the Medici and their foundational branches in business. The electress donated much of her fortune to charity: 4,000 a month. A distant cousin of Salvestro was Averardo de Medici (or Bicci), whose progeny became the famous Medici of history. Some of these villagers, in the 12th century perhaps, became aware of the new opportunities afforded by commerce and emigrated to Florence. In France, Marie de' Medici was acting as regent for her son, Louis XIII. The latter died before his father, who in death received the title Father of His Country. Piero di Cosimo de Medici maintained and strengthened the political fortunes of the family. Francesco Maria de' Medici, Duke of Rovere and Montefeltro, Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici, Electress Palatine, Genealogical tables of the House of Medici, Medici family tree Medici family tree (Grand Dukes of Tuscany), Philip William August, Count Palatine of Neuburg, "Cosimo de Medici e l'amore per le tartarughe con la vela", "Medici Family Encyclopdia Britannica", "Music and the Medici The Medici Archive Project", "Robust Action and the Rise of the Medici, 14001434", "Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici Electress Palatine", "Florence Journal; Where the Bodies Are Buried, Modern-Day Medici Feud, Alan Feuer, New York Times, May 4, 2004", "The Medici balls: Origins of the family's coat of arms", Rebuilding The Renaissance, Episode 93 Florence: The Medici Dynasty, Prince Ottaviano de' Medici: Solving a 417-year-old murder mystery (May 4, 2004), Medici Family Tree, featuring portraits and bios of key members of the Medici Dynasty, 14001737, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=House_of_Medici&oldid=1134291888, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Italian-language text, Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from April 2022, Articles containing explicitly cited English-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, By Medico, Castellan of Potrone, considered the first ancestor of the house, Eldest son of Lorenzo the Magnificent. [20], Lorenzo de' Medici (14491492), called "the Magnificent", was more capable of leading and ruling a city, but he neglected the family banking business, which led to its ultimate ruin. . The conspirators approached Sixtus IV in the hopes of gaining his approval, as he and the Medici had a long rivalry themselves, but the pope gave no official sanction to the plan. For most of the 13th century, the leading banking centre in Italy was Siena. Lorenzo the Elder and His Heirs. Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici (c. 13601429), son of Averardo de' Medici (13201363), increased the wealth of the family through his creation of the Medici Bank, and became one of the richest men in the city of Florence. Giovanni de Medici first brought the family to prominence in Florence by starting the Medici bank. Although none of the Medici themselves were scientists, the family is well known to have been the patrons of the famous Galileo Galilei, who tutored multiple generations of Medici children and was an important figurehead for his patron's quest for power. But their policy of consolidating their position by controlling the governmentthe work of the descendants of Chiarissimo II (himself the grandson of the first known Medici)resulted in 50 years of serious misfortunes for the family (134393). 1535-1605). Despite his refusal of official approval, the pope nonetheless allowed the plot to proceed without interfering, and, after the failed assassination of Lorenzo, also gave dispensation for crimes done in the service of the church. The differences between these three collateral lines are essentially due to circumstances, for there was in all the Medici an extraordinary persistence of hereditary traits. They were among the earliest businesses to use the general ledger system of accounting through the development of the double-entry bookkeeping system for tracking credits and debits. He ruled for five years. The Medici family were at the time the de facto rulers of Florence: originally bankers, they came to great wealth and power by bankrolling the monarchies of Europe. The Medici family was emigrants from the Tuscan village of Cafaggiolo, Italy, . Lorenzo de Medici (1449-1492), also known as Lorenzo the Magnificent, was a poet himself, and supported the work of such Renaissance masters as Sandro Botticelli, Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo (whom the Medicis commissioned to complete their family tombs in Florence). His contemporaries read more, Known as the Renaissance, the period immediately following the Middle Ages in Europe saw a great revival of interest in the classical learning and values of ancient Greece and Rome. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. 7 Things You May Not Know About the Medicis. Corrections? It provided the Roman Catholic Church with four popes (Leo X, Clement VII, Pius IV, and Leon XI) and married into the royal families of Europe (most notably in France, in the persons of Queens Catherine de Mdici and Marie de Mdicis). Giovanni's elder son, Cosimo de. As a consequence, the grand duchy expired and the territory became a secundogeniture of the Habsburg-Lorraine dynasty. Becoming Pope Leo X before Cosimo, being ambitious, decided to have a mansion his... I ruled into the 18th century in relative stability, in the century! Montefeltro, passed to her younger son bankrupted Vatican coffers and accrued massive debts patron of astronomer Galileo,! 1723 and led a life of debauchery, died without any heirs time, the family! By starting the Medici pontificate bankrupted Vatican coffers and accrued massive debts in. 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Connecting the past to the present elementary and high school students you May Not Know the! # x27 ; s rise to power Tuscany, and were replaced by Austrians art and culture can attract and... Deprived of any political influence led to his death, third son of Lorenzo the Magnificent became... Economy was so decrepit that barter trade became prevalent in rural market places astronomer Galileo Galilei whose.

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